关于Oracle Cloud降配的问题
各位道友，简单聊下Oracle云免费配额降配这件事。
Oracle在6月中旬官宣将A1免费实例从4C24G缩减至2C12G，我这台日本4C24G节点是今年7月才新建的。最开始先部署了一台1C1G纯免费实例，主要用来预留公网IP，闲置也先保留；后续将账户升级为PAYG按量计费模式，扩容搭建4C24G主力节点，当前节点承载Hermes Agent、Ollama、1Panel、Docker容器集群等全套服务。
我其实有点后知后觉，直到8月5日才留意到配额下调公告，第一时间登录控制台核验：两台实例均未产生计费账单。此前我已配置两层官方账单告警，预测费用告警、实际扣费告警阈值均设置1SGD(1新加坡元)，每条告警分别绑定3个独立邮箱接收。
考虑到本人邮件查看频次较低，常常3-4天才查阅一次，邮件告警存在漏看风险。于是直接在节点Hermes Agent对接飞书消息渠道，在 Oracle控制台导出API密钥、指纹、租户OCID、用户OCID完成鉴权配置，自定义告警策略：
每日0点、12点两轮定时轮询账单状态，无异常静默不推送；
每月1日、15日推送月度账单汇总报表；
一旦识别到扣费异常，立刻连续推送3条紧急告警消息。
下方为Agent落地配置代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Oracle Cloud 费用监控示例 — 脱敏公开版
========================================
背景: Oracle Cloud Always Free的Ampere A1配额在2026-06静默减半(4OCPU/24GB→2OCPU/12GB)。
本文演示如何用官方Usage/Cost API做「定时费用监控+异常飞书告警」,
并强调「不可绕过的规则级调度」=systemd timer(权威)+cron(兜底)双保险。
用法(三个子命令, 一次性执行, 由调度器触发):
monitor_cost.py check # 例行检查: 有异常连发3条告警, 无异常静默
monitor_cost.py report # 月度平安汇总(每月1/15号调用)
monitor_cost.py status # 仅显示当前费用(调试用, 不通知)
前置:
pip install oci
在 OCI 控制台生成API密钥对, 配置后可读取Usage/Cost。
"""
import sys
import json
import time
import urllib.request
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import oci
from oci.usage_api.models import RequestSummarizedUsagesDetails
# ================== 配置区(请替换为真实值) ==================
OCI_CONFIG = {
# 在OCI控制台「个人资料 → API密钥」生成
"user": "ocid1.user.oc1..<User OCID>",
"key_file": "/path/to/your/oci_api_key.pem", # 私钥文件路径(权限600)
"fingerprint": "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff:00:<密钥指纹>",
"tenancy": "ocid1.tenancy.oc1..<Tenancy OCID>",
"region": "ap..", # 你租户的home region
}
TENANCY = OCI_CONFIG["tenancy"]
# --- 通知webhook(通用: 飞书/钉钉/Telegram 机器人自定义机器人webhook皆可) ---
NOTIFY_WEBHOOK = "https://your-msg-platform-webhook.example/bot/hook/<token>"
COST_THRESHOLD = 0.01 # 累计费用超过此值(SGD)视为异常
STATE_FILE = "/path/to/monitor_state.json"
# ================== 通知 ==================
def send_notify(message: str) -> bool:
"""通过自定义 webhook 发消息(通用, 不依赖 Hermes/飞书环境)
用 urllib 而非 requests, 减少依赖; 关键: 加超时防挂起。"""
payload = {"msg_type": "text", "content": {"text": message}}
try:
req = urllib.request.Request(
NOTIFY_WEBHOOK,
data=json.dumps(payload).encode("utf-8"),
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
method="POST",
)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as resp:
return resp.status == 200
except Exception as e:
print(f"[通知失败] {e}", flush=True)
return False
def send_alert_triple(total, currency, services):
"""异常: 连发3条警告(带递增编号)"""
detail = "、".join(f"{k}={v:g}" for k, v in services.items() if v > 0) or "无明细"
msg = (
f"🚨 Oracle 计费异常警告\n"
f"本月当前费用: {total:.4f} {currency}\n"
f"服务明细: {detail}\n"
f"请登录 Oracle 控制台核查(可能已对超配部分计费)。"
)
for i in range(3):
ok = send_notify(f"[严重警告 {i+1}/3]\n{msg}")
if not ok:
print(f"第{i+1}条发送失败", flush=True)
time.sleep(2)
# ================== OCI 费用查询 ==================
def query_cost() -> dict:
"""查询当月累计费用, 返回 {total, currency, services}"""
now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
# 注意: MONTHLY granularity 要求时间戳精确到日(时分秒必须为0), 否则报 InvalidParameter
start = now_utc.replace(day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
end = (now_utc + timedelta(days=1)).replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
client = oci.usage_api.UsageapiClient(OCI_CONFIG)
req = RequestSummarizedUsagesDetails(
tenant_id=TENANCY,
time_usage_started=start.isoformat(),
time_usage_ended=end.isoformat(),
granularity="MONTHLY",
is_aggregate_by_time=False,
group_by=["service"],
query_type="COST",
)
resp = client.request_summarized_usages(req)
total, currency, services = 0.0, "SGD", {}
if resp.data.items:
for item in resp.data.items:
cost = float(item.computed_amount or 0)
service = getattr(item, "service", "unknown")
if getattr(item, "currency", None):
currency = item.currency
services = round(cost, 4)
total += cost
return {"total": round(total, 4), "currency": currency, "services": services}
# ================== 状态持久化 (避免重复轰炸) ==================
def load_state() -> dict:
try:
with open(STATE_FILE) as f:
return json.load(f)
except Exception:
return {"last_alert_total": 0.0, "last_report_day": ""}
def save_state(state: dict):
with open(STATE_FILE, "w") as f:
json.dump(state, f)
# ================== 三个动作 ==================
def check_and_alert():
"""例行检查: 异常连发3条, 无异常静默"""
stamp = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=8)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
print(f"[{stamp}] 例行费用检查...", flush=True)
state = load_state()
result = query_cost()
total, currency = result["total"], result["currency"]
print(f"当月累计: {total:.4f} {currency}", flush=True)
if total > COST_THRESHOLD:
# 仅当金额相对上次告警上涨(>0.005)或首次告警才连发3条, 避免重复轰炸
last = state.get("last_alert_total", 0.0)
if total > last + 0.005 or last == 0.0:
print("⚠️ 异常! 连发3条告警", flush=True)
send_alert_triple(total, currency, result["services"])
state["last_alert_total"] = total
else:
print("已告警过, 仅发1条提醒", flush=True)
send_notify(f"⚠️ Oracle费用仍超阈值: {total:.4f} {currency}")
else:
print("正常, 无异常(静默)", flush=True)
save_state(state)
return 0
def monthly_report():
"""月度平安汇总(每月1/15号调用)"""
stamp = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=8)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
print(f"[{stamp}] 月度平安汇总...", flush=True)
result = query_cost()
total, currency = result["total"], result["currency"]
state = load_state()
state["last_report_day"] = stamp
if total <= COST_THRESHOLD:
print("无异常, 发送平安汇报", flush=True)
send_notify(
f"📊 Oracle 费用月度汇报({stamp})\n"
f"本月累计: {total:.4f} {currency}\n✅ 一切正常, 无异常。"
)
else:
print("有异常! 连发3条告警", flush=True)
send_alert_triple(total, currency, result["services"])
state["last_alert_total"] = total
save_state(state)
return 0
def status():
"""显示当前费用(调试), 不通知"""
result = query_cost()
print(f"当月累计: {result['total']:.4f} {result['currency']}")
print("服务明细:", json.dumps(result["services"], ensure_ascii=False))
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
cmd = sys.argv if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "check"
{"check": check_and_alert, "report": monthly_report, "status": status} \
.get(cmd, lambda: (print("用法: monitor_cost.py "), 2))()
systemd timer（权威调度）
# /etc/systemd/system/oracle-cost-check.timer—— 每日12:00 & 00:00 北京
OnCalendar=*-*-* 12:00:00 Asia/Shanghai
OnCalendar=*-*-* 00:00:00 Asia/Shanghai
Persistent=true # 关机漏跑, 开机自动补
Unit=oracle-cost-check.service
# /etc/systemd/system/oracle-cost-report.timer—— 每月1/15号 12:00 北京
OnCalendar=*-*-01 12:00:00 Asia/Shanghai
OnCalendar=*-*-15 12:00:00 Asia/Shanghai
Persistent=true
Unit=oracle-cost-report.service
cron 兜底（双保险）
# 每日北京12:00(=UTC04:00) & 00:00(=UTC16:00) 例行
0 4,16 * * * /path/venv/bin/python /path/monitor_cost.py check
# 每月1/15号 北京12:00(=UTC04:00) 月度汇报
0 4 1,15 * */path/venv/bin/python /path/monitor_cost.py report
至此搭建三层费用防护机制：
① Oracle 官方预测费用邮件告警
② Oracle 官方实际扣费邮件告警
③ Hermes Agent 飞书实时轮询告警
所以我暂时不打算手动降配，如果oracle真开始收费了，那我也会第一时间收到通知，然后手动降配。
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